Nd:YVO4 is a crystal that is doped with neodymium (Nd3+) ions in yttrium vanadate (YVO4) crystal. It is a highly efficient laser crystal that is commonly used for generating laser light in the near infrared region (1064 nm) and is commonly used in industrial and medical laser applications such as material processing, cutting, drilling, and marking, as well as in laser therapy. Nd:YVO4 has several unique properties such as high optical quality, broad spectral bandwidth, large absorption cross-section, high thermal conductivity, high thermal stability and low thermal lensing effect, which make it a preferred choice for laser applications.