Gd3Ga5O12, also known as Gadolinium Gallium Garnet or GGG, is a type of substrate that is widely used in various applications due to its unique physical and optical properties. It is a synthetic, single crystal material that is composed of gadolinium, gallium, and oxygen.
GGG has a high thermal conductivity and a high thermal stability, which makes it a suitable substrate for high-temperature applications. It is also a good electrical insulator, making it useful for applications where electrical isolation is required. Additionally, it has a high transparency in the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum, which makes it useful for applications such as laser optics and optical filters.
In the field of photonics, GGG is used as a substrate for the growth of various types of semiconductor materials, such as gallium nitride, indium gallium nitride, and aluminum gallium nitride. It is also used as a substrate for the growth of other crystalline materials, such as ferrimagnetic garnets and ferroelectric crystals.
GGG is often used as a window material in high-pressure and high-temperature applications, such as in diamond anvil cells and pressure sensors. It is also used as a substrate for electro-optic devices, such as modulators and switches.