Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is a material that is commonly used as a substrate in the production of various electronic and optical devices. YAG is known for its high thermal conductivity, high transparency in the visible and infrared regions of the spectrum, and its resistance to chemical and mechanical degradation. These properties make YAG an ideal material for use as a substrate in a wide range of applications, including laser optics, high-temperature superconductors, and optical windows. Due to its high thermal stability, YAG is also used as a substrate in high-temperature processing applications, such as crystal growth and epitaxial growth of other materials.