TiO2 coated glass substrates are used in the semiconductor and microelectronics industries as insulators or as a substrate for thin film deposition. The TiO2 coating provides a high-quality, smooth and transparent surface, making it ideal for use in applications such as photovoltaics, optoelectronics, and touchscreens. The coating can be deposited using a variety of techniques such as physical vapor deposition (PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The thickness of the coating can be controlled to meet specific requirements for electrical conductivity, optical transparency, and surface roughness. The high thermal stability of TiO2 makes it suitable for high-temperature processing and device fabrication. Additionally, the material is resistant to chemical attack, making it suitable for use in harsh environments.