Titanium (Ti) substrates are widely used in the field of electronics and optics due to their high corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and low thermal expansion. They are often used as base materials for the growth of thin films and as structural materials in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. In the electronics industry, titanium substrates are used in the production of high-frequency microelectronic devices, such as microwave integrated circuits and high-speed digital devices, due to their high thermal conductivity, low electrical resistivity, and low thermal expansion. Additionally, titanium is a good substrate for electrodeposition and for the growth of titanium dioxide films, which are widely used in various applications, including as a barrier layer for microelectronics and as a sensing material for gas and biological sensing applications.