IBM has introduced a quantum computer, named Condor, with 1,121 superconducting qubits arranged in a honeycomb pattern, marking a significant milestone in quantum computing. However, rather than pursuing larger machines, IBM has shifted its focus to enhancing error resistance in its quantum processors. This strategy is epitomized by the development of Heron, a chip with 133 qubits boasting a record-low error rate, three times lower than its predecessors.
Quantum computers leverage unique quantum phenomena such as entanglement and superposition to perform computations that classical computers cannot. Despite this potential, quantum states are susceptible to errors. To address this challenge, IBM is exploring the use of quantum low-density parity check (qLDPC) error-correction techniques, which have the potential to significantly reduce the number of physical qubits required for each logical qubit.
While the qLDPC approach shows promise, its implementation with superconducting qubits is anticipated to be extremely challenging, potentially taking years to achieve a proof-of-concept experiment. IBM aims to address this by adding a layer to its quantum chip design to facilitate the additional connections required by the qLDPC scheme.
The company's new quantum research roadmap outlines a vision to achieve practical computations, such as simulating catalyst molecules, by the end of the decade. This represents a significant step towards realizing the long-standing goal of quantum computing becoming a tangible reality.
